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Research & evidence

The evidence for calmer co-parenting.

Separation is hard on children — but decades of research point to something more precise: it is the conflict, not the separation itself, that does the damage, and a clear, dated record is what mediators and courts can actually weigh. Every figure on this page is drawn from published research and cited beside it.

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It touches a million children a year.

Separation and divorce are not edge cases. In the United States alone, the number of children living through a parental split each year is measured in the millions — which is why getting the aftermath right matters at population scale.

1 million+U.S. children a year have gone through a parental divorce — a figure that has held for decades.
~50%of children will see a parent’s marriage end at some point.
61%of first-marriage divorces involve a child under 18.

Sources: CLASP, Children & Divorce: A Snapshot; U.S. children-of-divorce data [5].

What harms children is the conflict — not the separation.

This is the most robust finding in the field, and it is good news: separation itself is not what predicts poor outcomes. Ongoing conflict between parents is. Children who are exposed to conflict that is frequent, intense and poorly resolved are at raised risk of anxiety, depression, aggression and problems at school; a separation that lowers the conflict can protect them.

68studies pooled in the classic meta-analysis of parental conflict and children’s problem behaviours.
r = .32the average association it found — a moderate, consistent link across emotional and behavioural problems.
resolved ≠ harmfulit is unresolved conflict that carries the risk; disagreement that gets settled well does not.

The leading explanation — emotional security theory — is intuitive: children read their parents’ conflict as a threat to the stability of their world, and it is the sense of an unresolved, ongoing war that wears them down, not a single argument.

Sources: Buehler et al., Interparental Conflict and Youth Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis [1]; Harold & Sellers, Annual Research Review, J. Child Psychology & Psychiatry (2018) [2]; Davies & Cummings, emotional security theory.

How you co-parent matters — on its own.

If conflict is the risk, cooperation is the protection — and the research is clear that it works independently. How well two parents co-parent after a split predicts how their children do over and above how the couple’s own relationship went. Even when a marriage ended badly, a cooperative co-parenting relationship afterwards measurably helps.

59 studiesand more than 41,000 people in the meta-analysis of co-parenting and child adjustment.
independentco-parenting quality predicts child outcomes over and above the parents’ own relationship quality.
fewest problemschildren of cooperative co-parents show the least anxiety, depression and behavioural difficulty.

Sources: Teubert & Pinquart, meta-analysis of coparenting and child adjustment (2010); Rejaän, van der Valk & Branje, Postdivorce Coparenting Patterns (2022) [3]; Frontiers in Psychology review (2022) [4].

Where GrownUps fits
This is the whole design goal: make the cooperative path the easy one. A shared calendar both homes trust, one civil thread instead of a running argument, and shared costs settled with a visible balance — the everyday friction that tips co-parents into conflict, taken off the table.

Courts weigh dated patterns — not memory.

When a disagreement does reach a mediator or a court, the guidance from family-law practitioners and custody evaluators is remarkably consistent. A factual, timestamped record turns “he said, she said” into verifiable facts. Decision-makers look for patterns over time rather than isolated incidents, and a clean, dated timeline reads as far more credible than an emotional account reconstructed after the fact.

patterns > incidentscourts increasingly weigh a documented pattern of behaviour, not a single flashpoint.
credible > emotionalevaluators want evidence they can weigh — dated entries, not stories they must interpret.

We don’t say “court-approved”, because no one can honestly promise that — what a court accepts is up to the court. But a clear, tamper-evident, dated record is exactly the kind of thing a mediator or a court can work from, and it is the opposite of a folder of screenshots that can be cropped, deleted or disputed.

Sources: guidance from family-law practitioners and custody evaluators; National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges on weighing credible evidence [6].

One tamper-evident record beats a shoebox of screenshots.

Put the two threads together — lower the conflict, and keep a record you can rely on — and the case for a single shared tool writes itself. Keep the communication in one place; record parenting time and exchanges with dates; capture the pattern, not just the flashpoint. Screenshots scattered across two phones are easy to dispute. One continuous, exportable, tamper-evident record is not.

That is what GrownUps is: one civil thread neither parent can edit or delete, a shared calendar that generates every handover, shared expenses with a running balance, and a clear record you can export free, forever. It applies what the research says — and it is free for both parents.

Methodology. Every figure on this page is drawn from the published research cited beside it; we do not manufacture or modify figures. These studies describe associations across many families — strong, repeated patterns, not guarantees for any one child. Effect sizes are reported as the original authors reported them. This page is general information, not legal or clinical advice, and family law differs by country and state.

References

  1. Buehler, C., et al. Interparental Conflict and Youth Problem Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies. link.springer.com
  2. Harold, G. T., & Sellers, R. (2018). Annual Research Review: Interparental conflict and youth psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
  3. Rejaän, Z., van der Valk, I. E., & Branje, S. (2022). Postdivorce Coparenting Patterns and Relations With Adolescent Adjustment. Journal of Family Issues. journals.sagepub.com
  4. Van Dijk, R., et al. (2022). Healing the Separation in High-Conflict Post-divorce Co-parenting. Frontiers in Psychology. frontiersin.org
  5. CLASP. Children & Divorce: A Snapshot. clasp.org
  6. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges — on weighing credible evidence in custody determinations; and consistent documentation guidance from family-law practitioners and custody evaluators.

Put the evidence to work

Lower the conflict. Keep the record. Free.

GrownUps is the calm, shared place the research points to — free for both parents, and it works for one parent before the other joins.

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